Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 29, 2025
10:16
X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
Published on: August 20, 2019
14.1K
Harmonics as an alternative method for measuring I0 during x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments at laboratory
René Bes1, Saara Takala1, Simo Huotari1
1Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 10, 2021
Summary
This study introduces a new method for simultaneous x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements, simplifying laboratory-based experiments. This technique enhances the efficiency of XAS analysis using laboratory x-ray sources.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Spectroscopy
Background:
- Laboratory-scale spectrometers for X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) are increasingly common.
- These instruments facilitate routine XAS studies, overcoming synchrotron access limitations.
- A key challenge in laboratory XAS is the need for separate measurements of incident (I₀) and transmitted (I₁) X-ray intensities due to lower source brightness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present and validate an alternative method for simultaneous measurement of I₀ and I₁ in laboratory XAS.
- To demonstrate the reliability and robustness of this novel approach.
Main Methods:
- Utilized natural harmonics generated by monochromator crystals.
- Developed a simultaneous measurement technique for incident and transmitted X-ray intensities.
- Performed experimental validation at the Cobalt (Co) K-edge and Neodymium (Nd) L₃-edge.
Main Results:
- Successfully demonstrated simultaneous measurement of I₀ and I₁ using monochromator harmonics.
- Validated the approach with Co metal foil at the Co K-edge.
- Confirmed reliability using Nd₂O₃ at the Nd L₃-edge.
Conclusions:
- The proposed method offers a reliable and robust way to perform simultaneous intensity measurements in laboratory XAS.
- This advancement simplifies experimental procedures and enhances the utility of compact XAS systems.
- The technique leverages inherent properties of monochromator crystals for improved efficiency.
Related Concept Videos
01:16IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration
2.1K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
2.1K
01:22Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
1.1K
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
1.1K
01:21Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
712
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
712
01:14UV–Vis Spectrometers
2.0K
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
2.0K
01:25Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods
819
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
819
01:25Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference
1.5K
Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
1.5K