Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.4K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.4K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.9K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.0K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.0K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.8K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.8K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

24.8K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
24.8K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

4.7K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PABPC1 Modulates Immunoglobulin pre-mRNA Alternative Polyadenylation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Programmable artificial RNA condensates in mammalian cells.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Systematic mapping of emergent transcriptional states in interacting single-cell dyads by Cell-Cell-seq.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Modeling cell-cell interactions to advance drug discovery in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Programmable artificial RNA condensates in mammalian cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

LYMTACs:chimeric small molecules repurpose lysosomal membrane proteins for target protein relocalization and degradation.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Temporal trajectories underlying adult neuronal diversity.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
Same journal

Transcription regulation of cell fate plasticity - from embryonic development to tissue regeneration.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
Same journal

Shared molecular and cellular programs during regeneration of glandular epithelia.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
Same journal

Lineage tracing in human cortical development.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
Same journal

Cis-regulatory strategies in developmental patterning.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
Same journal

GABAergic neuron fate specification and lineage allocation: from development to disorder.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP
08:25

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Published on: April 3, 2012

20.7K

The transcription factor code in iPSC reprogramming.

Weixian Deng1, Elsie C Jacobson2, Amanda J Collier2

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcription factors (TF) reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), revealing cell plasticity for regenerative medicine. TF combinations remodel enhancers, influencing cell fate and early embryogenesis.

More Related Videos

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

10.7K
Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets
07:08

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP
08:25

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Published on: April 3, 2012

20.7K
RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

10.7K
Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets
07:08

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research

Background:

  • Differentiated cells exhibit plasticity, enabling reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Understanding iPSC reprogramming illuminates mechanisms of cell identity maintenance, epigenetic changes, and in vivo cell fate determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of transcription factor (TF)-induced reprogramming in somatic cell plasticity.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying enhancer landscape remodeling and cell fate specification during reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing TF-induced reprogramming of somatic cells.
  • Analyzing the combinatorial action of reprogramming factors.
  • Observing the generation of trophectoderm- and extraembryonic endoderm-like cells.

Main Results:

  • TF-induced reprogramming demonstrates significant somatic cell plasticity.
  • Combinatorial TF action is key to remodeling the enhancer landscape.
  • Reprogramming yields trophectoderm- and extraembryonic endoderm-like cell populations, indicating cell state plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming via TFs offers potential for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.
  • TF interplay in iPSC generation provides insights into early embryogenesis and cell fate decisions.
  • The study highlights the plasticity of cell states and opens new research avenues in developmental biology.