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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

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Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

2.7K
The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
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Increasing sensitivity and versatility in NMR supersequences with new HSQC-based modules.

Jonathan R J Yong1, Alexandar L Hansen2, Ēriks Kupče3

  • 1Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|July 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New NMR methods enhance sensitivity and speed for protein structure determination. Modified HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY experiments integrated into NOAH supersequences accelerate structural characterization.

Keywords:
Analytical methodsHSQC-TOCSYNMR spectroscopyNOAH supersequencesSensitivity-enhanced HSQC

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is crucial for molecular structure determination.
  • Standard NMR experiments can be time-consuming, limiting throughput and sensitivity.
  • Optimizing NMR pulse sequences is key to improving efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To modify and integrate enhanced sensitivity Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) and HSQC-Total Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC-TOCSY) experiments into NOAH (NMR by Ordered Acquisition using 1H detection) supersequences.
  • To develop protocols for combining HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY within the same supersequences.
  • To improve the efficiency and sensitivity of NMR experiments for structural characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of sensitivity-enhanced HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY experiments.
  • Incorporation of these modified experiments into NOAH supersequences.
  • Tailoring heteronuclear modules to preserve magnetization for subsequent experiments.
  • Development of protocols for optimal combination of HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY elements.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of modified HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY into NOAH supersequences, adding 13C and 15N diversity.
  • Preservation of magnetization enabling seamless acquisition of multiple NMR modules.
  • Generation of high-quality 2D spectra for structure characterization with significantly reduced experiment times.
  • Demonstration of increased detection sensitivity per unit time due to time savings.

Conclusions:

  • The modified HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY experiments within NOAH supersequences offer a powerful approach for efficient structural characterization.
  • These optimized NMR protocols provide high-quality data with improved time efficiency and sensitivity.
  • This advancement facilitates faster and more sensitive molecular structure determination using NMR spectroscopy.