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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
Published on: February 28, 2013
New Antidiabetes Medications and Their Cardiovascular and Renal Benefits
Enrico G Ferro1, Mohamed B Elshazly2, Deepak L Bhatt3
1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/DLBhattMD.
Abstract:
After 12 years of rigorous cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) emerged as new therapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to reduce the risk of heart disease. SGLT2i additionally cause a reduction in heart failure and renal events in patients both with and without diabetes. This article reviews the major CVOTs that support the use of these agents, describes the mechanisms of action that lead to their broad cardiorenal benefits, explains current guidelines, and offers practical clinical advice to initiate and monitor treatment with these agents.
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