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Related Concept Videos

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Power System Distribution

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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
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The principle of power preservation is applicable to both ac and dc circuits. This principle, when applied to AC power, asserts that the complex, real, and reactive powers produced by the source are equal to the total complex, real, and reactive powers absorbed by the loads. When two load impedances are connected in parallel to an ac source V, the complex power provided by the source can be calculated using the relation
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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
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Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
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Power-Consumption Outage in Beyond Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Systems.

Jing Yang1, Xiaohu Ge1, John Thompson2

  • 1School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
|July 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Future mobile systems face performance issues due to heat from high data rates, causing power-consumption outages. This study defines and analyzes these outages, impacting device performance and maximum receiving rates.

Keywords:
Massive MIMOcapacity with outagemobile communicationoutage probabilitysmartphones

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • High data rates in future mobile systems (beyond 5G) generate significant energy dissipation.
  • This energy dissipation leads to heat generation, impacting mobile device performance.
  • A novel outage type, termed power-consumption outage, is identified as a critical issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define power-consumption outage and its characteristics.
  • To analyze the probability of power-consumption outage using heat transfer models.
  • To investigate the impact of power-consumption outage on mobile system capacity and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general definition and features of power-consumption outage.
  • Utilized a heat transfer model for smartphones to analyze outage probability.
  • Derived the joint outage probability considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), communication duration, and initial temperature.
  • Calculated the upper bound of the maximum receiving rate and analyzed capacity impacts.

Main Results:

  • Power-consumption outage probability escalates with increased SNR and extended communication duration.
  • The upper bound of the maximum receiving rate for smartphones diminishes with longer communication times.
  • Joint outage analysis reveals that outage capacities decrease with rising SNR beyond a threshold.

Conclusions:

  • Power-consumption outage is a critical factor limiting performance in high-data-rate mobile systems.
  • Device thermal management and communication parameters significantly influence outage probabilities and system capacity.
  • Optimizing communication duration and managing SNR are crucial for maintaining performance and receiving rates.