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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
Published on: January 7, 2019
Direct Liquid Extraction and Ionization Techniques for Understanding Multimolecular Environments in Biological
1Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Abstract:
A combination of direct liquid extraction using a small volume of solvent and electrospray ionization allows the rapid measurement of complex chemical components in biological samples and visualization of their distribution in tissue sections. This review describes the development of such techniques and their application to biological research since the first reports in the early 2000s. An overview of electrospray ionization, ion suppression in samples, and the acceleration of specific chemical reactions in charged droplets is also presented. Potential future applications for visualizing multimolecular environments in biological systems are discussed.
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