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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.

Positive Regulator Molecules

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To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Published on: February 25, 2016

Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ and cell cycle regulation.

Haixin Zhao¹, Xin Pan²

¹State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

|July 13, 2021

Summary

Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake, mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is crucial for cell cycle progression. Understanding this calcium signaling pathway offers potential therapeutic strategies for diseases like cancer.

Keywords:

Cell cycle MCU Metabolism Mitochondrial Ca(2+)

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Published on: January 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Mitochondrial Physiology
Calcium Signaling

Background:

Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulates diverse cellular functions, including metabolism and proliferation.
Cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuations impact cell cycle stages, influencing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and oxidative phosphorylation.
The precise role of mitochondrial Ca2+ in cell cycle progression was previously unclear due to the unknown Ca2+ uptake mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling throughout the cell cycle.
To highlight the physiological and pathological significance of mitochondrial Ca2+ in cell division and disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics.
Analysis of research on the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its role in Ca2+ uptake.
Examination of advanced Ca2+ imaging and detection techniques.

Main Results:

The identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has enabled significant advances in studying mitochondrial Ca2+.
MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake influences ATP and ROS production, affecting cell fate.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling is observed at various cell cycle stages, impacting cellular networks.

Conclusions:

Mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling plays a critical role in regulating cell cycle progression.
Targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways presents potential therapeutic avenues for conditions like cancer and HSC disorders.
Further research into mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics can unlock new strategies for controlling cell division and fate.