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Ranula as the First Symptom of HIV Infection in Young Patients.

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Summary

A ranula, a type of salivary gland disease, can be an early indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Routine HIV testing for patients presenting with ranulas may lead to earlier diagnosis and care.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Oral manifestations are frequently the initial signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • Salivary gland diseases, including ranulas, are common presentations in HIV-positive individuals.
  • A ranula is rarely recognized as a sentinel sign for HIV.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases presented with ranulas as the sole presenting symptom.
  • Both patients underwent marsupialization for ranula treatment, followed by excision due to recurrence.
  • HIV infection was diagnosed during the patients' subsequent care.

Findings:

  • The ranula was the only observed sign or symptom of HIV infection in both cases.
  • Earlier diagnosis of HIV was possible through routine testing of ranula patients.

Implications:

  • Routine HIV testing in patients with ranulas, particularly children, is clinically justified.
  • Surgical intervention for ranulas should consider sublingual gland resection to prevent recurrence.
  • Early detection of HIV through oral manifestations can significantly improve patient outcomes.