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Communicating group norms through election results.

Lily Syfers1, Amber M Gaffney2, David E Rast1

  • 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|July 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Democratic elections grant legitimacy to leaders, even those previously seen as deviant. High voting consensus enhances perceived leadership and group identity, fostering a sense of representation.

Keywords:
deviancegroup consensusleadershipprototypicality

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Political Science
  • Group Dynamics

Background:

  • Representative democracies rely on elected leaders to embody group consensus.
  • The legitimacy of elected leaders is crucial for their ability to represent the electorate.
  • Understanding how elections confer legitimacy, especially to previously unconventional leaders, is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how perceptions of group consensus from democratic elections impact leader legitimacy.
  • To examine if democratic elections can enhance the legitimacy and prototypicality of leaders, including those once considered deviant.
  • To explore the role of voting consensus in shaping perceptions of leader legitimacy and representation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with participants (N=158 and N=182) to assess leader perceptions.
  • Study 1 compared perceptions of normative versus deviant leaders elected with varying levels of consensus.
  • Study 2 examined leader legitimacy and prototypicality changes from candidate to elected leader status, focusing on democratic election outcomes.

Main Results:

  • High voting consensus increased the perceived legitimacy and prototypicality of elected leaders, particularly normative ones.
  • Newly elected leaders were perceived as more legitimate than candidates, boosting the prototypicality of previously deviant leaders.
  • Democratic elections were shown to foster conditions for increased leader prototypicality and shifts in group identity.

Conclusions:

  • Democratic elections confer legitimacy upon leaders, enabling them to gain acceptance even if they were once perceived as deviant.
  • Perceived group consensus during elections is a critical factor in establishing leader legitimacy and enhancing their representation of the group.
  • The process of democratic election can reshape group identity by increasing the perceived prototypicality of leaders, regardless of their prior standing.