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Establishing Background Pathologic Changes of Valve Replacement Surgery in Sheep.

Jill T Schappa Faustich1, John P Carney2, Matthew T Lahti1

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Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology
|July 15, 2021
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Summary

Sheep undergoing sham heart valve surgery show significant renal infarcts, especially with additional cardiac interventions. This highlights the need for careful control in preclinical valve studies.

Keywords:
Animal modelCardiopulmonary bypassPreclinicalRenal infarctsSheepValve replacement surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular research
  • Preclinical animal models
  • Surgical pathology

Background:

  • Sheep are a standard preclinical model for novel heart valve safety assessment.
  • The impact of invasive surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on sheep models is not well understood.
  • Establishing baseline effects is crucial for accurate novel valve evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gross, hematologic, and biochemical effects of sham mitral and aortic valve replacement procedures in sheep.
  • To establish a control group for future studies evaluating novel replacement heart valves.
  • To differentiate device-specific safety issues from surgical procedure outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Six control sheep underwent no surgical intervention.
  • Twelve sheep underwent either sham mitral valve replacement (MVR) or sham aortic valve replacement (AVR).
  • Hematologic and biochemical analyses were performed, followed by necropsy at 90 days.

Main Results:

  • Renal infarcts (RIs) were the most common lesion, with higher incidence in AVR and control groups compared to MVR.
  • The number of RIs strongly correlated with the total area of infarcted kidney and with additional cardiac interventions.
  • No correlation was found between RIs and CPB duration or between AVR and MVR procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive surgery and CPB in sheep models, particularly with additional cardiac interventions, induce background anatomic and pathologic changes.
  • These findings are essential for controlling future studies on novel replacement valves.
  • This research helps distinguish true device-related safety concerns from expected surgical outcomes in sheep models.