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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wave Phenomena
    • Scattering Theory

    Background:

    • Speckle fields are generated by light scattering, crucial in imaging and sensing.
    • Optical vortex and perfect optical vortex beams possess unique phase structures.
    • Understanding spatial coherence is vital for applications utilizing structured light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a general analytical model for the 3D spatial coherence function of speckle fields.
    • To analyze speckle coherence generated from vortex and perfect optical vortex beams.
    • To investigate the longitudinal and transversal spatial coherence evolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulation of an analytical model for 3D spatial coherence.
    • Analysis of speckle fields derived from scattering of structured optical beams.
    • Examination of coherence properties along propagation directions.

    Main Results:

    • The model accurately describes 3D spatial coherence for speckle fields.
    • Speckle coherence evolves distinctly for vortex and perfect optical vortex beams upon propagation.
    • Differences in coherence evolution are observed in both transversal and longitudinal directions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides a comprehensive tool for analyzing speckle coherence.
    • Propagation-induced changes in 3D spatial coherence vary significantly with initial beam structure.
    • These findings have implications for optimizing structured light in sensing and metrology.