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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Seeking celestial positronium with an OH-suppressed diffraction-limited spectrograph.

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    Positronium (Ps) atoms can now be observed via their near-infrared recombination spectrum, not just gamma-ray annihilation. This study designs a novel system to detect the Ps Balmer alpha line, overcoming atmospheric interference.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Astrophysics
    • * Atomic Physics
    • * Spectroscopic Instrumentation

    Background:

    • * Positronium (Ps) has been primarily observed through gamma-ray emission from annihilation.
    • * The triplet state of Ps allows for electronic transitions, producing a near-infrared (near-IR) recombination spectrum.
    • * Near-IR observations offer superior angular resolution compared to gamma-ray methods, but are challenged by bright atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) emission lines.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To design a novel spectroscopic system for detecting the positronium Balmer alpha line at 1.3122 µm.
    • * To overcome the significant background noise from atmospheric OH emission lines in the near-IR spectrum.
    • * To enable, for the first time, the observation of Ps via its recombination spectrum.

    Main Methods:

    • * Design of a diffraction-limited spectroscopic system.
    • * Utilization of advanced photonic components: photonic lantern, OH fiber Bragg grating filters, and a photonic TIGER 2D pseudo-slit.
    • * Targeting the Ps Balmer alpha line at 1.3122 µm.

    Main Results:

    • * A novel spectroscopic system design is presented.
    • * The system incorporates innovative photonic components to address specific observational challenges.
    • * The design facilitates the potential observation of the Ps Balmer alpha line.

    Conclusions:

    • * The proposed system design enables a new observational method for positronium.
    • * This approach overcomes critical limitations of previous detection methods.
    • * It opens avenues for high-resolution astronomical observations of positronium's recombination spectrum.