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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
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Ascorbic Acid in Epigenetic Reprogramming.

Xinhui Liu1, Aamir Khan1, Huan Li1

  • 1College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) aids cellular reprogramming by supporting DNA and histone demethylation. This review explores its role in epigenetic regulation, including RNA methylation, enhancing reprogramming efficiency.

Keywords:
DNA demethylationRNA demethylationVitamin Chistone demethylationiron and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenasesreprogrammingsomatic cell regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications like DNA and histone methylation are key barriers in somatic cell reprogramming.
  • RNA methylation, specifically N6-methyladenosine (m6A), also influences cellular reprogramming.
  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) acts as a cofactor for dioxygenases involved in epigenetic modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which vitamin C influences DNA and histone demethylation.
  • To explore the potential role of vitamin C in regulating m6A demethylation.
  • To highlight vitamin C's contribution to epigenetic reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on vitamin C, epigenetics, and cellular reprogramming.
  • Analysis of the cofactor role of vitamin C in Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases.
  • Examination of the impact of vitamin C on TET enzymes and histone demethylases.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin C enhances DNA demethylation by supporting Ten Eleven Translocase (TET) enzymes.
  • Vitamin C likely facilitates histone demethylation, contributing to epigenetic reprogramming.
  • Evidence suggests vitamin C may also be involved in the demethylation of m6A RNA.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin C significantly contributes to epigenetic reprogramming by promoting DNA and histone demethylation.
  • Understanding vitamin C's role in demethylation pathways offers potential strategies for improving reprogramming efficiency.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate vitamin C's involvement in m6A demethylation and its broader impact on cellular reprogramming.