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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure01:25

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

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Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

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Pediatric Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility.

Austin N DeHart, Stuart Curtis, David L Mancuso

    Pediatric Annals
    |July 15, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Vocal fold immobility in children, often from nerve injury during heart surgery, impacts breathing and speech. Early diagnosis and treatments like vocal fold injection can improve function and quality of life.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Otolaryngology
    • Pediatric Neurology
    • Pediatric Cardiology

    Background:

    • Vocal fold immobility in children can significantly impair vital functions such as breathing, swallowing, and speech.
    • While often idiopathic, a common cause is iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during cardiac procedures.
    • Identifying risk factors is crucial for predicting prognosis and resolution rates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the causes, diagnosis, and management of vocal fold immobility in pediatric patients.
    • To highlight the impact of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury post-cardiac surgery.
    • To discuss current and emerging treatment options for improving laryngeal function.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive review of existing literature on pediatric vocal fold immobility.

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    Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches including history, physical examination, and fiberoptic laryngoscopy.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions such as vocal fold injection and laryngeal reinnervation.

    • Main Results:

    • Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a primary cause of vocal fold immobility in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
    • Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is essential for accurate diagnosis and anatomical assessment.
    • Various treatments, including vocal fold injection and laryngeal innervation, offer potential for functional improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt diagnosis and risk factor assessment are key to managing pediatric vocal fold immobility.
    • Effective treatment strategies can significantly enhance a child's quality of life.
    • Further research into laryngeal reinnervation techniques may offer novel therapeutic avenues.