Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Timing and Outcome of Interarytenoid Injection Augmentation

To investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and timeliness of management, adherence to follow-up, and outcomes of treatment with interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA).

Retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients treated with IAIA at a large pediatric institution's multidisciplinary aerodigestive clinic between August 2022 and February 2024. Retrieved demographic factors, dates of referral, consultation, treatment, and follow-up, as well as objective measures of dysphagia and aspiration via videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) reports, using dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) scores and the greatest unsafe thickness, or 'aspiration score'. These factors were analyzed for correlation with social determinants of health determined through the Area of Deprivation Index (ADI).

A total of 120 patients, median age 15 months were included. All underwent IAIA for the indication of persistent pharyngeal dysphagia. The median national ADI score was 45. Patients experienced average improvement in laryngeal penetration and aspiration from an aspiration score of slightly thick preoperatively to thin postoperatively, and improvement in dysphagia from mild-moderate to mild. No correlation was identified between ADI, race and ethnicity, or sex and measures of timeliness of treatment, loss to follow-up, receipt of feeding therapy, or outcome of treatment.

Addressing persistent dysphagia in pediatric patients with IAIA seems to be equivalently efficacious across a wide population, and outcome did not vary significantly depending on patients' race or socioeconomic contexts. This finding may be due in part to the utilization of a well-organized multidisciplinary center to treat these complex patients.

4 Laryngoscope, 135:2164-2170, 2025.