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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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[Kidney damage in COVID-19].

Stéphane Burtey1, Marion Sallée1

  • 1Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre de néphrologie et transplantation rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.

Nephrologie & Therapeutique
|July 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can affect the kidneys, leading to acute tubular necrosis, proximal tubulopathy, and segmental/focal hyalinosis. While the exact cause is debated, recovery is generally good, with long-term effects potentially linked to long COVID.

Keywords:
Acute tubular necrosisCOVID-19Focal segmental glomerulosclerosisHyalinose segmentaire et focaleNécrose tubulaire aiguëProximal tubulopathySARS-CoV-2Tubulopathie proximale

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • COVID-19 primarily impacts the respiratory system but also presents with significant renal involvement.
  • Kidney damage in COVID-19 manifests as acute tubular necrosis, proximal tubulopathy, and segmental/focal hyalinosis.
  • The precise mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney injury remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and potential pathophysiology of renal involvement in COVID-19.
  • To discuss the different types of kidney damage observed in COVID-19 patients.
  • To explore the prognostic implications and long-term outcomes of renal complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on COVID-19 and renal pathology.
  • Analysis of reported cases detailing kidney damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Discussion of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, including direct viral effects, cytokine storm, hypoxia, and thrombosis.

Main Results:

  • Three main types of renal damage are identified: acute tubular necrosis (severe cases), proximal tubulopathy (prognostic marker), and segmental/focal hyalinosis (in predisposed individuals).
  • The pathophysiology is complex, with cytokine storm, hypoxia, and thrombotic events appearing more significant than direct viral invasion.
  • Long-term renal outcomes appear favorable, though further follow-up is needed to determine links to long COVID.

Conclusions:

  • Renal involvement is a notable complication of COVID-19, presenting with distinct pathological features.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology is crucial for managing kidney complications and predicting outcomes.
  • Long-term renal sequelae and their potential association with long COVID require continued investigation.