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Oxidative stress concept updated: Definitions, classifications, and regulatory pathways implicated.

Volodymyr I Lushchak1,2,3, Kenneth B Storey4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative stress, involving reactive oxygen species, is crucial in biology. Recent advances refine its definitions and classifications, aiding understanding of cellular adaptive responses to oxidative damage.

Keywords:
Nrf2OxyRSoxRSYap1adaptationcysteine residuesreversible oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized in organisms since the 1950s.
  • The concept of oxidative stress, proposed in 1985, has driven significant research across biomedical fields.
  • Understanding oxidative stress is fundamental to numerous biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in defining and classifying oxidative stress.
  • To connect these definitions to the molecular mechanisms of organismal responses to oxidative insults.
  • To provide a framework for quantitative descriptions and comparisons in oxidative stress research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on oxidative stress definitions and classifications.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to oxidative stress.
  • Identification of key regulatory processes in cellular defense against oxidative damage.

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made in developing definitions and classifications for oxidative stress.
  • Selective gene expression is identified as a key component of adaptive responses.
  • Reversible oxidation of cysteine residues in sensor proteins is a critical regulatory mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Refined definitions and classifications of oxidative stress enhance quantitative analysis and inter-laboratory comparisons.
  • Gene expression and protein oxidation are central to cellular adaptation to oxidative stress.
  • Continued research in these areas deepens our understanding of health and disease.