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Factors associated with orthodontic pain
Wei Lin1, Mauro Farella1,2, Joseph S Antoun1
1Discipline of Orthodontics, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|July 17, 2021
Summary
Orthodontic pain is highest during bracket bonding and in patients with high pain catastrophizing scores. Factors like age, sex, anxiety, and specific gene variations did not significantly impact pain perception during treatment.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Pain Management
- Genetics
Background:
- Pain during orthodontic treatment exhibits significant interindividual variability.
- Potential influencing factors include age, sex, clinical procedures, psychosocial elements, and genetic polymorphisms.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for managing patient discomfort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of clinical, demographic, psychological, and genetic factors on pain levels during fixed orthodontic treatment.
- To identify key predictors of pain variability in orthodontic patients.
Main Methods:
- 183 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were enrolled.
- Pain levels were tracked via a smartphone app over three days.
- Data collected included clinical, demographic, psychological (pain catastrophizing, dental anxiety), and genetic (COMT, NR3C1, HTR2A gene polymorphisms) factors.
Main Results:
- Bracket bonding significantly influenced perceived pain, explaining over 20% of the variance.
- Higher pain catastrophizing scores, particularly magnification, correlated with increased pain perception.
- Pain levels were not significantly affected by sex, age, treatment duration, anxiety, or the investigated gene polymorphisms.
Conclusions:
- Orthodontic pain is exacerbated by bracket bonding procedures and in patients exhibiting high pain catastrophizing tendencies.
- Demographic characteristics, clinical activation types, and the studied genetic polymorphisms had minimal influence on perceived pain levels.
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