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Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Celiac Disease: A Friend or Foe
Kawther Elsouri1, Vania Arboleda1, Samantha Heiser2
1Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and celiac disease (CD) are both autoimmune diseases with increasing global prevalence. These two diseases have been connected based on similar HLA mutations, serological markers, rheumatological, and gastrointestinal manifestations. In this review, we discuss the role of the oral and gut microbiome in the development and progression of RA and CD. Here, we highlight similar microbial dysbiosis and how these alterations in composition can lead to worsening disease severity in both CD and RA. Additionally, we analyze the role of probiotics in regulating the microbiome and improving symptoms associated with RA and CD.
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