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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Plasma and Polymers: Recent Progress and Trends.

Igor Levchenko1, Shuyan Xu1, Oleg Baranov2

  • 1Plasma Sources and Application Centre, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 19, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma-enhanced polymer synthesis and modification offer superior processing advantages. This review highlights advanced plasma techniques for diverse material treatments and functionalization.

Keywords:
plasmapolymer functionalizationpolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Plasma environments offer unique, highly reactive conditions superior to traditional thermal or ambient methods for polymer processing.
  • The dynamic nature of plasma media enables rapid, efficient material treatment through controlled energy and matter fluxes.
  • The charged particles in plasma allow for precise control over the modification processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in plasma-enhanced polymer synthesis and modification.
  • To highlight the state-of-the-art techniques in plasma-based polymer treatment and functionalization.
  • To showcase the broad applicability of plasma technology across various polymer-based materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing plasma environments for polymer synthesis and surface modification.
  • Employing energy and matter fluxes for rapid and efficient material processing.
  • Leveraging the properties of charged plasma-generated particles for controlled treatments.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated superiority of plasma processing over conventional methods.
  • Showcased rapid and efficient polymer modification capabilities.
  • Highlighted the broad range of treatable materials, including composites and multi-material systems.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma-enhanced techniques provide significant advantages for polymer synthesis and modification.
  • Advanced plasma methods enable sophisticated functionalization of diverse polymer materials.
  • The field continues to expand, offering innovative solutions for material science challenges.