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Contribution of a common ability in average and variability judgments.

Oakyoon Cha1,2, Randolph Blake3, Isabel Gauthier3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. oakyoon.cha@sungshin.ac.kr.

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Judgments of average and variability in visual perception are not independent abilities. This study found positive correlations between estimating average size and size variability in objects, challenging previous theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Ensemble perception allows estimation of statistical properties (mean, variance, numerosity) of visual features in object groups.
  • Previous research suggested independent abilities for different statistical judgments (e.g., mean vs. variance).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independence of abilities for judging average and variability of the same visual feature.
  • To provide robust evidence by testing a large sample with a pre-registered sequential design.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale study using a pre-registered open-ended sequential design.
  • Estimation of shared variance in abilities for ensemble judgments (average size, size variability).
  • Control for individual differences in discriminating single object sizes.

Main Results:

  • Abilities to judge average size and size variability of circles are positively correlated.
  • This correlation persists even when controlling for single-item size discrimination ability.

Conclusions:

  • The findings refute the hypothesis that judging average and variability for the same feature rely on completely independent cognitive abilities.
  • Ensemble perception of statistical properties may involve partially shared underlying mechanisms.