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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
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Study of a Current and Voltage Polarization Sensor Network.

Artur de Araujo Silva1, Claudio Floridia1, Joao Batista Rosolem1

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Summary

This study demonstrates a polarization sensor network for power grids, using Faraday and Pockels effects for accurate current and voltage measurements. The network is suitable for medium voltage distribution grids, even with cable vibration.

Keywords:
DWDMcurrent sensorsoptical sensor networkpolarization sensorsvoltage sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing
  • Power Systems

Background:

  • Power grids are evolving with new technologies, necessitating advanced monitoring solutions.
  • Polarization-based sensors offer advantages like high insulation, oil-free operation, and high bandwidth for power grid applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate a network of polarization-based current and voltage sensors for medium voltage distribution grids.
  • To assess the accuracy and feasibility of these sensors in a network configuration, including under vibration conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed current sensors using the Faraday effect and voltage sensors using the Pockels effect.
  • Implemented a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) topology operating at 1550 nm.
  • Evaluated sensor accuracy against IEC standards 61869-10 and 61869-11, including tests with cable vibration.

Main Results:

  • The sensor network demonstrated accurate measurements suitable for medium voltage grids.
  • The difference-over-sum method effectively compensated for measurement impairments.
  • A power budget analysis confirmed the feasibility of a 10-node, 10 km optical link.

Conclusions:

  • Polarization sensor networks are a viable technology for monitoring medium voltage distribution grids.
  • The proposed system meets accuracy requirements and can operate reliably even with aerial cable vibrations.