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Power System Distribution

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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Power-over-Fiber LPIT for Voltage and Current Measurements in the Medium Voltage Distribution Networks.

Fabio R Bassan¹, Joao B Rosolem¹, Claudio Floridia¹

¹CPQD Research and Development Center in Telecommunications, Campinas 13086-902, Brazil.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 20, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a new power-over-fiber low power instrument transformer (LPIT) for enhanced voltage and current measurements in medium voltage grids. The innovative design improves accuracy and reliability, overcoming limitations of older technologies.

Keywords:

LPIT PoF current sensor distribution network hybrid conductor optical fiber power-over-fiber voltage sensor

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Optical Communications
Instrumentation and Measurement

Background:

Traditional instrument transformers face limitations in accuracy, operational range, and susceptibility to environmental factors.
Existing technologies struggle with continuous operation, lightning damage, and accuracy drift due to vibration, position, and temperature.
There is a need for advanced measurement solutions in medium voltage distribution networks that offer improved performance and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, develop, and test a novel power-over-fiber (PoF) low power instrument transformer (LPIT).
To address and overcome the drawbacks of existing technologies in voltage and current measurement for medium voltage networks.
To validate the performance and accuracy of the PoF LPIT through laboratory and field trials.

Main Methods:

The study involved the design of a PoF LPIT incorporating optical powering and digital data transmission via multimode fibers.
Laboratory characterization focused on sensor design, accuracy assessment, and temperature correction.
Field trials were conducted in both a standard distribution network and an experimental hybrid fiber/power distribution network.

Main Results:

The developed PoF LPIT meets IEC 61869-10 and IEC 61869-11 accuracy criteria for current and voltage measurements.
The design enables voltage measurements on covered conductors without removing insulation.
Field trials demonstrated successful operation and data transmission in realistic distribution network conditions.

Conclusions:

The proposed PoF LPIT offers a robust and accurate solution for voltage and current measurements in medium voltage distribution networks.
This technology overcomes key limitations of conventional instrument transformers, enhancing operational efficiency and reliability.
The integration of optical fiber, digital technologies, and communication systems represents a significant advancement in electrical systems.