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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
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Second-Generation Light-Fueled Supramolecular Pump.

Martina Canton1,2, Jessica Groppi1,3, Lorenzo Casimiro1,4

  • 1CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.

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|July 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel supramolecular pump based on pseudorotaxanes, demonstrating autonomous, light-driven operation in a nonequilibrium state. The engineered system allows for functionalization, enabling integration into advanced devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Supramolecular pumps are essential for controlled molecular transport.
  • Previous designs lacked modularity and advanced functionalization capabilities.
  • Autonomous operation in dissipative systems is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a modular pseudorotaxane-based supramolecular pump.
  • To demonstrate its photochemically driven autonomous nonequilibrium operation.
  • To enable functionalization for integration into complex devices.

Main Methods:

  • Modular design of pseudorotaxane components.
  • Engineering of energy landscapes along the threading coordinate.
  • Light-triggered modulation of energy profiles.
  • Characterization of autonomous nonequilibrium operation.

Main Results:

  • Successful design and synthesis of a modular supramolecular pump.
  • Demonstration of photochemically driven autonomous operation.
  • Achieved nonequilibrium steady-state in a dissipative regime.
  • Engineered energy minima and maxima for controlled movement.

Conclusions:

  • The second-generation supramolecular pump offers enhanced modularity and functionalization.
  • Photochemical control enables autonomous operation in dissipative systems.
  • This system is a promising building block for advanced supramolecular devices.