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[Tinnitus: clinical and pathogenetic aspects].

I D Stulin1, M V Tardov2, I V Damulin3,4

  • 1Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|July 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception, stems from central nervous system (CNS) maladaptive neuroplasticity, not cochlear damage. This dysfunction involves altered cortical activity and brain connectivity, impacting the human connectome.

Keywords:
human connectomemaladaptive neuroplasticityreviewtinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Tinnitus is a complex auditory disorder with diverse etiologies, including somatic diseases, obesity, iatrogenic factors, and otological conditions leading to hearing loss.
  • Understanding the precise pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tinnitus is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathogenetic and clinical features of tinnitus.
  • To investigate the role of central nervous system (CNS) structures and neuroplasticity in tinnitus development.
  • To explore the association between tinnitus and human connectome dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tinnitus pathogenesis and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of anatomical and physiological features of the central auditory system.
  • Examination of findings from functional neuroimaging studies.

Main Results:

  • Tinnitus is proposed to arise from maladaptive neuroplasticity in CNS cortical structures, rather than peripheral cochlear changes.
  • Functional neuroimaging reveals significant cortical connection disorders (human connectome) in tinnitus patients.
  • Altered neuronal activity and connectivity extend beyond the auditory cortex to non-auditory brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Tinnitus can be conceptualized as a form of human connectome dysfunction, initiated by auditory input alterations.
  • Pathological changes in neuronal activity within the CNS are central to tinnitus generation.
  • Further research into brain connectivity is essential for understanding and managing tinnitus.