Exercise training increases telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression and telomerase activity: A systematic...

Area of Science:

• Cellular and Molecular Biology
• Gerontology
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Telomeres are crucial for genomic stability, and their shortening is a hallmark of aging.
• Short telomeres are linked to chronic diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of telomere maintenance.
• The molecular mechanisms by which physical activity influences telomere maintenance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of exercise on telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression and telomerase activity.
• To investigate the impact of both single exercise bouts and long-term exercise training on telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase databases.
• Included human and rodent trials examining TERT expression and telomerase activity in response to exercise.
• Meta-analyses were performed to synthesize findings from eligible studies.

Main Results:

• Both single exercise bouts (SMD: 1.19, p = 0.003) and long-term exercise training (SMD: 0.31, p = 0.03) significantly up-regulated TERT and telomerase activity in non-cancerous somatic cells.
• Endurance athletes showed higher leukocyte TERT and telomerase activity compared to inactive individuals.
• Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 55-87%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

• Exercise training is an accessible lifestyle factor that enhances TERT expression and telomerase activity.
• Regular physical activity may attenuate telomere attrition via telomerase-dependent pathways.
• Exercise interventions hold potential for extending health-span and longevity by promoting telomere maintenance.