Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...

DNA Bacteriophages

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Systematic Direct-to-Biology Approach Identified Potent Cereblon HaloPROTACs.

ACS chemical biology·2026

Same author

Cell-type-resolved genetic variation shapes inflammatory bowel disease risk.

Nature·2026

Same author

The Human Pleiotropic Map of GWAS Associations and Therapeutic Implications.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Correction: Integrating artificial intelligence and manual curation to enhance bioassay annotations in ChEMBL.

Journal of cheminformatics·2026

Same author

Best Practices in Structural Ensemble Analysis: Avoiding Pitfalls, Interpreting Results, and Automating Workflows with EnsembleFlex.

Current protocols·2026

Same author

Copper-Mediated Late-Stage Radical Trifluoromethylation of Pyrazole-Type Scaffolds.

ACS omega·2026

Same journal

R&D productivity trends for biopharma companies in Asia and emerging markets.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

Same journal

Growth in clinical research capability in China and impact on the pharmaceutical sector.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

Same journal

Circular RNA guides exon skipping in DMD.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

Same journal

p38α inhibition restores axonal transport.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

Same journal

Inflammatory bowel disease-on-a-chip.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

Same journal

Designing GPCR-targeted miniproteins.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

qPCRTag Analysis - A High Throughput, Real Time PCR Assay for Sc2.0 Genotyping

qPCRTag Analysis - A High Throughput, Real Time PCR Assay for Sc2.0 Genotyping

Published on: May 25, 2015

The PROTACtable genome.

Melanie Schneider^1,2, Chris J Radoux^1,2,3, Andrew Hercules^1,2

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.

Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery

|July 21, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) offer new therapeutic avenues. This study introduces a systematic method to assess protein target PROTAC tractability, identifying 1,067 novel targets for future drug development.

More Related Videos

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: July 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

qPCRTag Analysis - A High Throughput, Real Time PCR Assay for Sc2.0 Genotyping

qPCRTag Analysis - A High Throughput, Real Time PCR Assay for Sc2.0 Genotyping

Published on: May 25, 2015

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: July 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Drug Discovery

Background:

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent an innovative therapeutic strategy.
PROTACs aim to overcome limitations of traditional small-molecule drugs.
Identifying suitable protein targets is crucial for PROTAC development.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a systematic approach for assessing PROTAC tractability of protein targets.
To identify potential new protein targets for PROTAC-mediated protein degradation.
To guide decision-making in selecting targets for PROTAC-based drug discovery efforts.

Main Methods:

A systematic assessment framework for PROTAC tractability (PROTACtability) was established.
Criteria were based on data from diverse, publicly available resources.
The human proteome was analyzed to identify potential PROTAC targets.

Main Results:

A novel approach to evaluate PROTAC target suitability was presented.
1,067 previously undescribed proteins in the human proteome were identified as potential PROTAC targets.
This expands the landscape for future PROTAC-based therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

The developed PROTACtability assessment provides a valuable tool for drug discovery.
Numerous novel protein targets amenable to PROTAC-mediated degradation were identified.
This research facilitates the expansion of PROTAC technology into new therapeutic areas.