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Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

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Published on: June 7, 2019

Electrically Tunable Optical Metasurfaces for Dynamic Polarization Conversion.

Ping Yu¹, Jianxiong Li¹, Na Liu^1,2

¹Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

|July 21, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed tunable optical metasurfaces for dynamic light polarization control. This breakthrough enables rapid, reversible polarization rotation using liquid crystals for advanced optical applications.

Keywords:

electrical control holography metasurfaces polarization conversion visible frequencies

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

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Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Dynamic control of light polarization is crucial for optical technologies.
Conventional polarization control methods often rely on bulky optical components.
Metasurfaces offer a promising route towards miniaturized optical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate electrically tunable optical metasurfaces for dynamic polarization conversion.
To explore the use of liquid crystals for real-time refractive index modulation.
To expand the concept for dynamic holography and information generation.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of optical metasurfaces with antennas designed for visible frequencies.
Integration of liquid crystals as a surrounding medium for electrical tuning.
Exploration of geometric and propagation phase tuning mechanisms.
Demonstration of polarization rotation and holographic functionalities.

Main Results:

Achieved rapid and reversible polarization rotation up to 90° for linearly polarized light.
Demonstrated dynamic control over polarization conversion using electrically tunable liquid crystals.
Successfully expanded the metasurface concept to dynamic holography with independently controlled pixels.

Conclusions:

Electrically tunable metasurfaces offer a compact and efficient solution for dynamic polarization control.
Liquid crystal integration enables real-time modulation of metasurface optical properties.
This technology has potential applications in optical communications, displays, and holographic systems.