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Reflection Properties of the Human Skin From 40 to 110 GHz: A Confirmation Study
Andreas Christ1, Adrian Aeschbacher2, Fereshteh Rouholahnejad2
1Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zurich, Switzerland.
Bioelectromagnetics
|July 21, 2021
Summary
This study validates skin models for wireless device testing by comparing volunteer measurements with phantom data. Stratum corneum thickness significantly impacts reflection coefficients, confirming the models' accuracy for electromagnetic skin properties.
Area of Science:
- Bioelectromagnetics
- Computational Electromagnetics
- Human Physiology
Background:
- Theoretical dosimetric studies above 6 GHz commonly use generic layered skin models.
- New experimental phantoms simulate stratum corneum layer (SCL) impedance matching for over-the-air wireless device performance.
- Verification of these skin models is crucial for accurate electromagnetic simulations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To verify generic layered skin models by comparing reflection coefficients (S11) with measurements from human volunteers and phantom materials.
- To investigate the dependence of S11 on stratum corneum thickness and sex across various body locations and frequencies (40-110 GHz).
- To assess the suitability of layered phantoms in representing human skin's electromagnetic reflection and absorption properties.
Main Methods:
- Conducted waveguide measurements of reflection coefficients (S11) on 37 human volunteers (21 males, 16 females, aged 5-80) at 21 body locations.
- Measured S11 using phantom materials designed to mimic SCL impedance matching.
- Performed statistical analysis to determine the relationship between S11, SCL thickness, and sex.
Main Results:
- Statistical analysis revealed strong evidence that S11 depends on SCL thickness, with no significant dependence on sex.
- Measured S11 values corresponded to SCL layers of 15 μm (thin skin) and 140 μm (thick skin).
- Phantom material exhibited SCL matching effects with deviations less than 0.85 dB (22%) compared to waveguide measurements.
Conclusions:
- Layered skin models are suitable for representing human skin's electromagnetic reflection and absorption, particularly at higher frequencies.
- Stratum corneum thickness is a key factor influencing electromagnetic reflection, validating previous theoretical assumptions.
- The developed phantom materials accurately mimic the impedance matching effects of the SCL, confirming their utility in wireless device testing.
Keywords:
5 GS11experimental body phantomsmillimeter wave exposureover-the-air assessmentskin modelstratum corneumMore Related Videos
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