Secondary neoplasms of the urinary bladder-clinical management and oncological outcomes

Secondary neoplasms of the bladder account for 4.5% of all bladder neoplasms however there is limited literature reporting management and survival. This is the largest single centre series presented in current literature with long term oncological follow up.

This is a single institutional, retrospective cohort study of patients with a histological diagnosis of a secondary bladder neoplasm from January 2007 to December 2017 (n=40). Prognostic variables examined included age at diagnosis, histology, disease free survival and treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate survival. We used multiple regression analysis to identify the most significant treatments for each population group in terms of their survival.

Twenty-one patients were male (53%) with a median age of 68 and 19 were female (47%) with a median age of 64. The most common secondary neoplasms and their median survival were prostate [12 patients (30%), 446 days], colorectal [9 patients (23%), 403 days], ovarian [5 patients (13%), 369 days], cervical [4 patients (10%), 148 days], breast [3 patients (8%), 241 days], lymphoma [3 patients (8%), 145 days], gastric [2 patients (5%), 66 days], and renal [2 patients (5%), 854 days]. Those receiving treatment following a secondary diagnosis demonstrated statistical significance in survival for colorectal (surgery P=0.013), prostate (radiotherapy P=0.0012 and hormonal therapy P=0.004) and ovarian cancer (chemotherapy P=0.00002).

Prognosis and treatment depends upon the primary neoplasm. There is some survival benefit in well selected patients receiving treatment following a diagnosis of a bladder secondary.