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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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The neural network underlying individual differences in conflict adaptation effect.

Ting Wang1, Xi Chen2, Weigang Pan1

  • 1Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China.

Biological Psychology
|July 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in conflict adaptation (CAE) are linked to distinct brain network activity. High CAE individuals utilize proactive control via the central executive network, while low CAE individuals use reactive control involving the salience network.

Keywords:
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)Central executive network (CEN)Conflict adaptation effect (CAE)Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)Inferior parietal lobuleInsulaResting state functional connectivity (RSFC)Salience network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Behavioral adaptation to environmental changes is crucial for survival.
  • The conflict adaptation effect (CAE) quantifies this adaptive ability.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of individual differences in CAE is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the resting-state brain networks associated with individual variations in CAE.
  • To identify specific functional connections predictive of different CAE levels.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Analysis focused on functional connectivity between brain regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and inferior parietal lobule.
  • Correlation analyses were performed between functional connection strengths and individual CAE scores.

Main Results:

  • Negative correlation found between CAE and functional connectivity of DLPFC with the bilateral insula and right ACC.
  • Positive correlation observed between CAE and functional connectivity of DLPFC with the left inferior parietal lobule.
  • Distinct network engagement patterns were inferred based on CAE levels.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with high CAE may employ proactive control strategies, primarily involving the central executive network.
  • Individuals with low CAE might rely on reactive control strategies, utilizing the salience network for conflict detection.
  • Brain network connectivity during rest predicts behavioral adaptation strategies in conflict tasks.