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Perioperative Hypothermia in Children

Marcus Nemeth1, Clemens Miller1, Anselm Bräuer1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Perioperative hypothermia remains common in pediatric patients due to vulnerable physiology and insufficient warming. Effective strategies involve consistent warming and accurate temperature monitoring to prevent adverse outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Thermoregulation in Children
  • Patient Safety in Surgery

Background:

  • Perioperative hypothermia, a known side effect of general anesthesia, poses significant risks, especially for infants and children.
  • Maintaining normothermia is a critical quality indicator in pediatric anesthesia practice.
  • Deviations from normal body temperature are linked to various complications and negative health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of perioperative hypothermia in pediatric patients.
  • To detail the definition, history, incidence, risk factors, and adverse events associated with pediatric perioperative hypothermia.
  • To offer management recommendations for preventing and treating perioperative hypothermia and hyperthermia in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of publications on perioperative hypothermia.
  • Supplemented with a MEDLINE database search for relevant studies.
  • Synthesis of existing research to summarize key aspects of pediatric perioperative temperature management.

Main Results:

  • Perioperative hypothermia is prevalent in pediatric populations, influenced by physiological vulnerability and inadequate warming protocols.
  • Key elements of effective warming strategies include maintaining normothermia during transport, pre-anesthesia warming, intraoperative warming, and precise core temperature monitoring.
  • Adverse events and complications related to perioperative temperature dysregulation in children were summarized.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advances, perioperative hypothermia persists in pediatric patients.
  • Effective perioperative warming strategies are essential for maintaining normothermia and preventing complications.
  • Comprehensive temperature management, including preventing both hypothermia and hyperthermia, is crucial for pediatric surgical care.
Abstract

Keywords:
anaesthesiologychildrenhypothermiainfantnewbornpaediatricperioperativeriskwarming strategy

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