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Factors influencing corneal involvement in leprosy.
1Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Summary
Tear film abnormalities, particularly abnormal tear film breakup time (BKUT), are significant indicators of corneal involvement in leprosy patients. This finding is more pronounced in the lepromatous form of leprosy, highlighting the need for targeted ocular care.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Leprosy Research
- Ocular Surface Disease
Background:
- Corneal complications are a significant cause of morbidity in leprosy patients.
- Factors like lagophthalmos, ectropion, and corneal anesthesia are known contributors to ocular surface damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze tear film abnormalities in leprosy patients.
- To investigate the relationship between tear film abnormalities and established risk factors for corneal involvement.
- To determine the clinical significance of tear film breakup time (BKUT) and Schirmer's test in assessing ocular surface health in leprosy.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 400 eyes of leprosy patients.
- Assessment of tear film abnormalities, including tear film breakup time (BKUT) and Schirmer's test.
- Correlation analysis with factors such as lagophthalmos, corneal anesthesia, and leprosy type.
Main Results:
- Abnormal tear film breakup time (BKUT) was observed in 47.2% of eyes, significantly higher than Schirmer's test abnormalities (24.5%).
- The lepromatous form of leprosy showed a greater prevalence of abnormal BKUT.
- Decreased mucin secretion by conjunctival goblet cells is indicated by abnormal BKUT.
Conclusions:
- Abnormal tear film breakup time (BKUT) is a clinically significant indicator of ocular surface compromise in leprosy.
- Lagophthalmos, corneal anesthesia, and environmental factors contribute to tear film abnormalities and subsequent corneal involvement.
- Early detection and management of tear film abnormalities are crucial for preventing corneal morbidity in leprosy patients.