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Environmental Factors Associated with Physical Activity in Rural U.S. Counties.

Christiaan G Abildso1, Shay M Daily2, M Renée Umstattd Meyer3

  • 1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Physical activity (PA) guidelines are less met in rural US adults. Environmental factors like natural and recreation spaces influence PA, varying significantly across rural-urban settings, necessitating tailored interventions for active rural communities.

Keywords:
physical activitypositive deviancerural healthsocial-ecological

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Public health
  • Rural health

Background:

  • Rural US adults exhibit lower adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines compared to urban counterparts.
  • Environmental influences on adult PA in rural versus urban settings remain under-researched.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate rural-urban variations in environmental factors associated with meeting PA guidelines among US adults.
  • To identify specific environmental correlates of PA prevalence across a rural-urban continuum.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized county-level data for 2,697 non-frontier counties.
  • Created a five-category rurality variable based on the percentage of rural population.
  • Employed Factor Analysis (FA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) stratified by rurality to examine associations between environmental factors and PA prevalence.

Main Results:

  • FA identified a four-factor structure: natural, social, recreation, and transportation environments.
  • Natural, social, and recreation environments were significantly associated with PA for both males and females.
  • The natural environment correlated with PA in most settings except urban counties, while recreation environments were linked to PA in urban and the most rural counties.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations exist in environmental factors influencing adult PA across the rural-urban spectrum.
  • These findings underscore the unique characteristics of rural PA environments.
  • Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for promoting physical activity in rural areas.