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3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability
Atta Ur Rehman1, Jung-Hoon Kim1
1Construction Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 24, 2021
Summary
This study reviews 3D concrete printing materials, focusing on rheology, mix designs, and anisotropic mechanical properties. It explores durability and reinforcement strategies for this emerging construction technology.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Civil Engineering
- Additive Manufacturing
Background:
- 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is an emerging construction technology.
- Understanding material requirements is crucial for successful 3DCP.
- Existing research often focuses on process parameters rather than material science.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a state-of-the-art review of 3D concrete printing from a materials perspective.
- To summarize recent advancements in concrete mix design and rheology for 3DCP.
- To evaluate the mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure of 3D printed concrete.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on 3D concrete printing materials.
- Systematic evaluation of anisotropic mechanical properties (compressive, flexural, tensile strengths).
- Analysis of microstructure, durability, and reinforcement strategies in 3D printed concrete.
Main Results:
- Tailored mix proportions using sustainable materials (eco-binders, waste aggregates) are essential for 3DCP.
- Anisotropic behavior in mechanical properties is evident along different printing axes (X, Y, Z).
- Reinforcement and optimized printing parameters significantly influence structural performance and durability.
Conclusions:
- 3D concrete printing materials require specific rheological properties and mix designs.
- Anisotropy in mechanical strength is a key characteristic of 3D printed concrete.
- Further research is needed to optimize durability and structural integrity for widespread adoption of 3DCP.
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