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Cubic Lattice Structures of Ti6Al4V under Compressive Loading: Towards Assessing the Performance for Hard Tissue

Sahil Dhiman1, Malkeet Singh2,3, Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu4

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study fabricated and analyzed titanium cubic porous lattice structure (PLS) scaffolds. The scaffolds demonstrated a maximum compressive strength of 119 MPa, with failure initiated by micro-porosity from fabrication.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingcompressive strengthcubic unit cellfinite element analysisporous lattice structuresselective laser meltingtitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Biomedical Implants

Background:

  • Porous Lattice Structure (PLS) scaffolds offer mechanobiological compatibility for biomedical applications, mitigating stress shielding.
  • Limited research exists on fabricating and characterizing titanium-based PLS with cubic unit cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and fabricate Ti6Al4V (Ti64) cubic PLS scaffolds using finite element (FE) analysis and selective laser melting (SLM).
  • To characterize the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of these scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element (FE) analysis was employed for scaffold analysis.
  • Selective Laser Melting (SLM) was used for fabricating Ti64 cubic PLS scaffolds.
  • Scaffolds with dimensions 10x15 mm (ISO: 13314), 40-70% porosity, and 600-1000 μm pore sizes were produced.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated PLS scaffolds achieved an average pore size of 600-1000 μm and porosity of 40-70%.
  • The maximum ultimate compressive strength recorded was 119 MPa for scaffolds with a 600 μm pore size and 57% relative density.
  • Failure initiated from micro-porosity caused by improper melting at a 45-degree plane.

Conclusions:

  • Ti64 cubic PLS scaffolds fabricated via SLM show promising mechanical strength for biomedical use.
  • Fabrication-induced micro-porosity significantly influences scaffold failure mechanisms.
  • Optimizing SLM parameters is crucial for enhancing the structural integrity of porous titanium scaffolds.