International Consensus Recommendations for the Treatment of Pediatric NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis

Margherita Nosadini¹, Terrence Thomas¹, Michael Eyre¹+26

• ¹From the Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit (M.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova; Neuroimmunology Group (M.N.), Paediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy; Department of Paediatrics (T.T.), Neurology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (M.E.), King's College London; Children's Neurosciences (M.E.), Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology (B.A.), Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroimmunology Program (T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu (SJD) Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.M.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Rheumatology (T.C.), Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (K.D.), Pediatric Neurology Department, University Hospitals Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, France; French Reference Network of Rare Inflammatory Brain and Spinal Diseases (K.D.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France and European Reference Network-RITA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (W.G.), Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (M.P.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neuroinflammation (Y.H.), Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London; Department of Paediatric Neurology (Y.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (Y.J.), Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pediatrics (B.C.L.), Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics (E.M.), Section Rheumatology, Co-appointment in the Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Division of Paediatric Neurology (A.N.), Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town; Faculty of Health Sciences (A.N.), University of Cape Town Neuroscience Institute, South Africa; Department of Neurology (R.N.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany; Department of Brain and Neural Science (H.S.), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan; Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division) (S.S.), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Department of Neurology (S.N.T.), National Pediatric Hospital Dr. J. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Pediatrics (H.A.V.M.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Neuropaediatric Unit (R.W.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.K.Y.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.R.I.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Program (J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Children's Neurosciences (M.L.), Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre (M.L.); Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (M.L.), King's College Hospital, United Kingdom; and Kids Neuroscience Centre (R.C.D.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.+1