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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
Published on: December 4, 2016
[The German Long-Distance Bus Market - Returning to its Original Level in the Medium Term?]
David Ennen1, Janina Scheelhaase1, Sven Maertens2
1DLR - Institut für Flughafenwesen und Luftverkehr, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln-Porz, Deutschland.
Abstract:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, long-distance bus transport in Germany came to an almost complete standstill. Since its liberalisation in 2013, long-distance bus transport has not only provided low-cost mobility, it has also contributed to income and employment in Germany. This article estimates the value added and employment created by the sector for the pre-COVID-19 year 2018. Our analysis suggests that the sector will reach pre-crisis levels relatively quickly as it mainly serves private travellers, especially VFR (visiting friends and relatives) travellers whose behavioural changes are less likely than those of business travellers.
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