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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

399
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
399
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

565
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
565
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

310
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
310
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

76
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
76
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

424
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
424
Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

62
IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
62

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

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Reduced Mortality With Ondansetron Use in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Inpatients.

Vafa Bayat1, Russell Ryono1, Steven Phelps1

  • 1Bitscopic Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|July 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ondansetron administration in COVID-19 patients correlated with a 45% reduced risk of 30-day mortality. This widely available drug may decrease morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations.

Keywords:
coronavirusnauseapneumoniaviralvomiting

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic spurred extensive clinical trials for various drugs.
  • Retrospective analysis of drug use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is crucial for identifying treatments impacting outcomes.
  • Understanding drug effects on mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ondansetron use and 30-day all-cause mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of ondansetron on length of hospital stay and adverse events.
  • To assess if ondansetron influences subsequent SARS-CoV-2 test positivity.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study included 10,741 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare mortality risk in patients receiving ondansetron.
  • Key outcomes measured included 30-day all-cause mortality, hospital stay duration, and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Ondansetron (≥8 mg within 48 hours of admission) was associated with a significantly reduced adjusted hazard ratio for 30-day mortality (0.55 overall, 0.52 in ICU patients).
  • Patients receiving ondansetron had shorter hospital stays (9.2 vs 11.6 days) and lower rates of subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (53.6% vs 75.0%).
  • A reduced risk of ischemic cerebral ischemia was also observed in the ondansetron group (3.2% vs 6.1%).

Conclusions:

  • Ondansetron use in COVID-19 patients showed a significant association with decreased 30-day mortality and morbidity.
  • The findings suggest ondansetron could be a valuable therapeutic option for reducing adverse outcomes in at-risk COVID-19 populations.
  • Further confirmation through prospective clinical trials is recommended to validate these promising results.