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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Recurrent Tuberculosis Disease in Singapore.

Suay Hong Gan1, Kyi Win KhinMar2, Li Wei Ang2

  • 1Tuberculosis Control Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|July 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is often due to relapse, particularly in older males with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Concomitant TB significantly increases the risk of relapse, underscoring its importance in TB management.

Keywords:
exogenous reinfectionextrapulmonaryrelapsetuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a significant portion of incident TB cases globally and in Singapore.
  • Molecular fingerprinting is crucial for distinguishing between TB relapse and reinfection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate factors associated with recurrent TB disease in Singapore.
  • To differentiate between relapse and reinfection as causes of recurrent TB.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, case-control study design.
  • Utilized national TB registry and TB Control Unit data.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed.

Main Results:

  • Recurrent TB associated with age ≥60, male sex, and concomitant pulmonary/extrapulmonary TB.
  • Non-Malay ethnicity was associated with lower risk of recurrent TB.
  • Relapse was strongly linked to concomitant TB and positive sputum smears.

Conclusions:

  • Relapse and reinfection account for 57% and 43% of recurrent TB in Singapore, respectively.
  • Concomitant pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB is a key risk factor for TB relapse.