Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

102
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
102
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

341
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
341
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

436
Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
436
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

451
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
451
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

59
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
59
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

3.0K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quality Assessment of Discarded Human Kidneys Using Normothermic Perfusion.

Transplantation direct·2026
Same author

A three-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lanreotide in stage 2/3 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

The ultrastructure of a cast: the art and science of renal tubular pathology.

Ultrastructural pathology·2026
Same author

Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Cryoglobulinemia, and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy: A Case Series.

American journal of hematology·2026
Same author

[Acid-base imbalance and water-electrolyte imbalance].

La Revue du praticien·2026
Same author

Vancomycin-specific Urinary Immunostaining for Noninvasive Screening of Vancomycin-associated Cast Nephropathy.

Kidney medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.6K

Vancomycin-Associated Tubular Casts and Vancomycin Nephrotoxicity.

Ngoentra Tantranont1,2, Yosu Luque3,4, Mary Hsiao1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA.

Kidney International Reports
|July 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Vancomycin-associated tubular casts (VTCs) are a novel cause of vancomycin nephrotoxicity. These casts, found in kidney biopsies, aid in diagnosing drug-induced kidney injury.

Keywords:
biopsyelectron microscopyimmunostainnephrotoxicityvancomycinvancomycin-associated tubular casts

More Related Videos

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

7.6K
Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions
06:32

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

251

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.6K
Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

7.6K
Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions
06:32

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

251

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Vancomycin nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect, potentially caused by acute tubular necrosis (ATN) or tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN).
  • Vancomycin-associated tubular casts (VTCs) have been recently identified as a potential novel mechanism of vancomycin-induced kidney damage.
  • Understanding the characteristics and diagnostic implications of VTCs is crucial for managing vancomycin therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphology, prevalence, and diagnostic significance of vancomycin-associated tubular casts (VTCs) in patients with vancomycin-induced kidney injury.
  • To determine the association between VTCs and established causes of vancomycin nephrotoxicity, such as ATN and TIN.
  • To evaluate the utility of VTCs in facilitating the diagnosis of vancomycin nephrotoxicity through kidney biopsy analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 37 kidney biopsy specimens from patients treated with vancomycin and experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI) between 2010 and 2019.
  • Utilized light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy for detailed examination of biopsy samples.
  • Performed immunolocalization for vancomycin, uromodulin, myoglobin, and tubular segment-specific markers to identify and characterize VTCs.

Main Results:

  • Vancomycin-associated tubular casts (VTCs) were identified as precipitated vancomycin within a uromodulin background, primarily in distal tubules.
  • VTCs were associated with diffuse renal injury, including ATN or TIN, and were present in 25 of 28 patients diagnosed with vancomycin nephrotoxicity.
  • The presence of VTCs in biopsy specimens strongly correlated with a diagnosis of vancomycin nephrotoxicity, with 25 of 26 patients showing VTCs being diagnosed with this condition.

Conclusions:

  • Vancomycin-associated tubular casts (VTCs) possess a distinct morphology that is readily recognizable in kidney biopsies.
  • VTCs result from the co-precipitation of vancomycin and uromodulin, contributing to vancomycin nephrotoxicity.
  • The identification of VTCs significantly aids in the biopsy-based diagnosis of vancomycin nephrotoxicity, potentially representing an independent pathogenic mechanism.