Renal-limited ANCA-associated vasculitis during erlotinib treatment for lung carcinoma

Rikako Oki1, Yosuke Hirakawa2, Yasuhiro Oda1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.

CEN Case Reports
|July 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treat non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Erlotinib, an EGFR-TKI, may exacerbate ANCA-associated vasculitis, causing kidney issues like proteinuria and hematuria.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
  • The renal effects of EGFR-TKIs are not fully understood, with rare reports of glomerulonephritis.
  • ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting small blood vessels.

Observation:

  • A 71-year-old man with NSCLC developed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria after 2 years of erlotinib treatment.
  • His MPO-ANCA titer increased, suggesting a link to ANCA-associated vasculitis.
  • Renal biopsies indicated that erlotinib might have modified the course of AAV.

Findings:

  • Erlotinib treatment was associated with the development of proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated MPO-ANCA titers.
  • While corticosteroid therapy reduced proteinuria and normalized CRP, serum creatinine and hematuria remained unchanged.
  • The findings suggest a potential exacerbation of ANCA-associated vasculitis by erlotinib.

Implications:

  • EGFR inhibition may have a dual role in kidney disease, potentially protecting against glomerulonephritis but exacerbating vasculitis.
  • Close renal monitoring is crucial for patients receiving EGFR inhibitors like erlotinib due to potential adverse events.
  • This case highlights the need for awareness of rare renal complications associated with targeted cancer therapies.