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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
262
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
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Common Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Jordan Hilgefort1, Jonathan Newsom1

  • 1Department of Family and Geriatric Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Centers for Primary Care, 215 Central Avenue Suite 205, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.

Primary Care
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric gastrointestinal disorders are common and complex. A detailed patient history is crucial for diagnosing these conditions, which fall into infectious, inflammatory, immunologic, motility, or functional categories.

Keywords:
FunctionalGastrointestinalMotilityPediatricPeristalsis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Diagnosis
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal disorders are highly prevalent in children.
  • Diagnosing pediatric GI conditions is challenging due to diverse symptoms and limited physical findings.
  • Children's difficulty in articulating symptoms complicates accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of thorough patient history in diagnosis.
  • To categorize common pediatric gastrointestinal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common pediatric gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Classification of disorders based on etiology and presentation.
  • Emphasis on clinical history as a diagnostic tool.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric gastrointestinal disorders are common and varied.
  • Diagnostic challenges stem from symptom breadth and limited physical signs.
  • A structured approach to history-taking aids in differential diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Thorough patient history is paramount for diagnosing pediatric gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Categorization aids in understanding and managing these conditions.
  • Effective management relies on accurate recognition and diagnosis.