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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Executive functioning in body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Long Long Chen1,2, Oskar Flygare1,2, John Wallert1,2

  • 1Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

CNS Spectrums
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Executive functions (EFs) in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients did not differ from controls. However, symptom severity correlated with performance on specific cognitive tests in both BDD and OCD groups.

Keywords:
Obsessive–compulsive disorderbody dysmorphic disordercognitionexecutive functionsneuropsychiatry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are distinct psychiatric conditions.
  • Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for cognitive control and goal-directed behavior.
  • Previous research on EFs in BDD and OCD has yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare executive functions (EFs) in patients with BDD and OCD against healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between symptom severity and EFs in BDD and OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Adults with BDD (n=26), OCD (n=29), and healthy controls (n=28) completed computerized neuropsychological tests.
  • Tests included spatial working memory (SWM), intra-extra-dimensional set shifting (IED), and stop signal task (SST) from the CANTAB battery.
  • Performance was compared between groups and correlated with symptom severity.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in SWM, IED, or SST performance were found between BDD, OCD, and control groups.
  • A weak positive correlation between symptom severity and errors on SWM and IED was observed in both BDD and OCD groups.
  • A negative correlation between symptom severity and SST performance was noted in the BDD group.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with BDD or OCD demonstrate comparable performance on tested executive functions to healthy controls.
  • Symptom severity in BDD and OCD is associated with performance on specific executive function tasks.
  • Further research is needed to clarify potential differences in EFs between BDD and OCD.