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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
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CAPABLE program improves disability in multiple randomized trials.

Sarah L Szanton1,2, Bruce Leff3, Qiwei Li1

  • 1Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CAPABLE program significantly improves daily living activities for older adults with disabilities. This home-based intervention also demonstrates cost savings, making it an effective model for enhancing quality of life.

Keywords:
disabilityhealth disparitiesimplementation

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Interprofessional Healthcare Models
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Effective programs are crucial for improving the quality of life for older adults with disabilities.
  • Reducing disability can prevent costly hospitalizations and institutionalization.
  • Few disability-reducing programs are successfully replicated and scaled.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the evidence for the CAPABLE program's effectiveness in improving outcomes for older adults with disabilities.
  • To assess the program's impact on functional abilities and home environment supports.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the CAPABLE program.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of six trials involving 1144 low-income, community-dwelling older adults with disabilities.
  • Analysis of outcomes including activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), fall efficacy, depression, and pain.
  • Comparison of results from studies implementing the full-tested dose versus a decreased dose of the CAPABLE program.

Main Results:

  • All six trials showed significant improvements in ADLs and IADLs, with effect sizes ranging from 0.41 to 1.47.
  • Studies using the full CAPABLE program dose demonstrated greater improvements in ADLs and cost savings.
  • Other outcomes, such as fall efficacy, depression, and pain, showed mixed results across studies.

Conclusions:

  • The CAPABLE program consistently improves ADLs and IADLs in older adults with disabilities across multiple trials.
  • Adherence to the full program protocol is associated with greater benefits.
  • The CAPABLE program is a cost-effective intervention, saving more than it costs to implement.