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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: February 25, 2022
4D Flow Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Versus 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Mitral Paravalvular Leak
Javier Urmeneta Ulloa1, Ana Álvarez Vázquez2, Vicente Martínez De Vega2
1Cardiology Department, University Hospital Quirónsalud, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging as complementary techniques in the preoperative planning of a mitral paravalvular leak allow the evaluation of its location, shape, and size and qualitative-quantitative analysis of mitral regurgitant orifice. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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