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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

50
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

91
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
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A Left Atrial Mitral Valve Chord.

Philippe B Bertrand1, Timothy W Churchill1, Jonathan J Passeri1,2

  • 1Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

JACC. Case Reports
|July 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A rare left atrial mitral valve chord anomaly can mimic endocarditis. Recognizing this condition prevents misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment for mitral valve issues.

Keywords:
TEE, transesophageal echocardiographyechocardiographyendocarditismitral valve disease

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mitral valve abnormalities can present as mobile structures on valve leaflets.
  • Endocarditis is a common diagnosis for such findings, often leading to aggressive treatment.
  • Rare congenital anomalies may mimic acquired cardiac pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a case of a rare left atrial mitral valve chord.
  • To highlight the importance of differentiating this anomaly from infective endocarditis.
  • To emphasize the need for accurate diagnosis to prevent overtreatment.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 77-year-old patient.
  • Diagnostic imaging (echocardiography, potentially others) to evaluate the mitral valve structure.
  • Pathological or detailed imaging correlation.

Main Results:

  • A mobile structure on the anterior mitral valve leaflet was initially suspected as endocarditis.
  • Further imaging confirmed the structure as a left atrial mitral valve chord, a rare congenital anomaly.
  • The finding was not indicative of infection or requiring intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of a left atrial mitral valve chord is crucial.
  • This rare anomaly can be mistaken for infective endocarditis.
  • Awareness prevents misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions for mitral valve conditions.