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Cognitive, motor, and visual development in healthy children in the first 42 months of life

Ana Carla Ramos Vieira da Costa1, Nívea Nunes Ferraz1, Adriana Berezovsky1

  • 1Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia
|July 28, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This study shows that better visual acuity in young children correlates with higher cognitive and motor scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III). This suggests the Bayley-III can help assess visual impairment effects on development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric ophthalmology
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Visual science

Background:

  • The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) assesses cognitive and motor skills in early childhood.
  • Visual acuity is a critical component of early development.
  • Understanding the relationship between visual acuity and developmental milestones is essential for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation between grating visual acuity and visual functionality in healthy children using the Bayley-III.
  • To determine if visual acuity is a significant predictor of cognitive and motor development in infants and toddlers.

Main Methods:

  • Binocular grating visual acuity was measured using Teller Acuity Cards in healthy children aged 1-42 months.
  • The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) was administered to assess cognitive, gross motor, and fine motor skills.
  • Statistical analyses, including correlation and multiple linear regression, were used to compare visual acuity and Bayley-III scores.

Main Results:

  • A strong negative correlation was found between visual acuity and age (r=-0.83, p<0.001).
  • Significant positive correlations were observed between age and cognitive (r=0.81, p<0.001), gross motor (r=0.75, p<0.001), and fine motor scores (r=0.77, p<0.001).
  • Older age and better visual acuity were significantly associated with higher Bayley-III scores.

Conclusions:

  • A high correlation exists between grating visual acuity and cognitive/motor scores on the Bayley-III in healthy children.
  • The Bayley-III may serve as a valuable tool for assessing the impact of visual impairment on early cognitive and motor development.
  • Early assessment of visual acuity is crucial for monitoring developmental trajectories in young children.
Abstract

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