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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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Fear Language in a Warning Is Beneficial to Risk Perception in Lower-Risk Situations.

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Fear language in emergency warnings effectively influences risk perception and protective actions. However, its impact varies based on perceived hurricane risk, requiring careful application.

Keywords:
emergency warningsfear languagehurricanesprotective action recommendationsrisk perceptiontechnology-based warnings

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology of risk communication
  • Emergency preparedness and response

Background:

  • Limited research on improving protective action recommendations in emergency warnings.
  • Previous studies on fear appeals often overemphasized mortality, leading to diminished risk perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of fear language in emergency warning protective action recommendations.
  • To understand how fear appeals influence risk perception and behavior during hurricane events.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Manipulated fear language and personal pronouns in recommendations.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed fear language and hurricane intensity's impact on risk perception at multiple decision points.

Main Results:

  • Fear language demonstrated a greater influence on risk perception than personal pronouns.
  • Fear language was most impactful when a hurricane's intensity was decreasing.

Conclusions:

  • Fear appeals in hurricane warnings can enhance risk perception and protective behaviors.
  • The effectiveness of fear appeals is contingent on the perceived risk category of the hurricane.
  • Thoughtful and context-specific use of fear appeals is recommended for optimal impact.