[Childhood obesity in Spain and associated factors]

Childhood obesity is an important public health problem, also in Spain. The ALADINO study, in the context of the COSI strategy of the WHO European office, monitors the weight status of Spanish schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years, and analyzes the associated factors. Data from the 2019 wave indicate that 23.3 % of schoolchildren are overweight, and 17.3 % are obese. A high percentage of schoolchildren eat breakfast regularly, although breakfast quality can be improved. The frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables is low, even lower than that of other countries participating in the COSI strategy. In terms of lifestyle, more than 70 % of schoolchildren are active, although this percentage is lower than the European average. Screen exposure time is also shorter than in other countries, but this habit may be improved in a high percentage of schoolchildren. There is a lower percentage of schoolchildren with obesity who have breakfast or are active compared to those of normal weight, while they are more sedentary, spend fewer hours sleeping, and are more likely to have a TV or electronic devices in their room. It is a priority to promote access to healthier diets and the promotion of more active and less sedentary lifestyles, both in the family and at school, from an early age.